Pali zambiri zoyambira zowombera mfuti. Zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo kuphulika kwamphamvu (zofunikira pakuwombera ndi kuwombera poyang'ana poyang'ana pazithunzi ndizofanana, choncho kuwomberedwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuimira kuphulika ndi kuwombera m'malemba otsatirawa), kuwombera kuphulika kuphimba, kuuma kwapamwamba kwa workpiece, ndi kuyeretsa pamwamba pa workpiece.

Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a microstructure morphology ya ductile iron. Madontho akuda pachithunzichi amaimira "graphite yozungulira" ya kapangidwe ka lamellar; zigamba zakuda zimayimira "pearlite"; mawonekedwe owala ndi yunifolomu opangidwa mozungulira madera osauka a carbon a graphite yozungulira pachithunzichi ndi "ferrite".

Ndikufuna kugawana nanu zolemba zaukadaulo "Chidule cha nkhungu za ceramic zopangira ndalama zopangira ma nickel superalloys", zomwe mwina ndizowunikiranso kwambiri pa kafukufuku wa zipolopolo za ceramic pakadali pano.

Kulimbitsa zitsulo kumaphatikizapo kulimbikitsa njira zolimba, kulimbitsa mphamvu ndi kulimbikitsa kubalalitsidwa. M'munsimu ndi chiyambi cha kulimbikitsa kubalalitsidwa.

Ukadaulo wopanga ma magnesium alloys opangidwa ndi chitsulo umasintha kapangidwe ka ma magnesium alloys kudzera munjira zopangira pulasitiki monga extrusion, rolling, ndi forging, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makina awo akhale olimba komanso osasunthika. Ukadaulo uwu ndi woyenera kupanga zinthu zomangira zomwe zimafunikira kudalirika kwambiri, monga chassis yamagalimoto ndi masamba a injini ya ndege. Komabe, chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka kristalo kozungulira ka hexagonal ka ma magnesium alloys, ali ndi njira imodzi yokha yotsetsereka kutentha kwa chipinda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pulasitiki ikhale yofooka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ma magnesium alloys nthawi zambiri amatenthedwa mpaka 200 - 450℃ kuti azigwira ntchito yotentha kuti apangitse mawonekedwe awo kukhala abwino. Ukadaulo wopanga ma magnesium alloys opangidwa ndi chitsulo umaphatikizapo mitundu iyi:

Pamakina opanga makina, kupanga zida, makina otumizira, ndi makina osakhazikika, zitsulo 45, 40Cr, ndi 42CrMo ndizo zitsulo zitatu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ngakhale angawoneke ofanana poyang'ana koyamba, mawonekedwe awo amankhwala, makina amakina, mayankho pamankhwala otenthetsera, ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito ndizosiyana kwambiri. Kusankha zinthu zolakwika kumatha kufupikitsa moyo wautumiki wabwino kwambiri ndikulephera kwenikweni. Nkhaniyi imasiyanitsa mwadongosolo kusiyana pakati pa atatuwa kuchokera pamawonedwe aukadaulo ndikukuuzani momwe mungasankhire bwino.

Chithandizo cha kutentha ndi njira yofunikira yopititsira patsogolo ntchito zazitsulo. Chithandizo chozizira, monga chowonjezera ndi chowonjezera pa chithandizo cha kutentha, chimathandizira kwambiri kulimbitsa kulimba, kulimba kwamphamvu komanso kukhazikika kwazinthu zogwirira ntchito. Nkhaniyi makamaka imayambitsa mfundo zoyambirira, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwala ozizira.

Chitani chithandizo cha kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono pazigawo zazikuluzikulu zopangira (mwachitsanzo, zomwe zimatha kupindika kapena zigawo zazikulu), makamaka nkhungu. Kuchepetsa kupsinjika kumachitika pa kutentha pafupifupi 550 ° C mpaka 660 ° C. Kawirikawiri, imagwiritsidwa ntchito musanawumitse, ndi cholinga chochepetsera kupsinjika, koma ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuti mugwiritse ntchito pambuyo pokonza makina omaliza. Annealing nthawi zambiri amapangidwa pazigawo zopangira zopangira kuti apange mawonekedwe olimba pang'ono, mapulasitiki abwino ozizira, komanso makina abwino opangira zida zamakina. Makamaka:

Pofuna kupanga ziwiya zachitsulo zomwe zimagwira ntchito mokhazikika pamtengo wotsika, kampani yathu idagwirizana ndi yunivesite kuti ipange kafukufuku wachitsulo chamkuwa-manganese alloyed cast ductile iron. Zotsatira zake zidasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala "Foundry" chaka chimenecho.

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa matenthedwe matenthedwe, okhutira kwambiri aloyi, yopapatiza forging kutentha osiyanasiyana ndi mkulu processing zovuta 9Cr18Mo zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, n'zosavuta chifukwa coarse forging kapangidwe ndi mapasa chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri forging ndi nthawi yaitali akugwira. Kapangidwe ka mapasa ali ndi cholowa champhamvu kwambiri komanso kukhazikika, ndipo ndikovuta kuthetseratu kudzera mu chithandizo cha annealing ndi kuzimitsa. Chifukwa chake, kuyesa kwadongosolo kunachitika pazigawo zokhala ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za 9Cr18Mo zokhala ndi mapasa opangidwa kuti aphunzire kuthekera kochotsa mapasa opangidwa ndi 9Cr18Mo zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri pogwiritsa ntchito njira zochizira kutentha.

PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition, physical vapor deposition) ndi ukadaulo wokutira womwe umayika mafilimu pamtunda wapansi potembenuza gwero (chandamale) kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono (maatomu, mamolekyu kapena ayoni) kudzera munjira zakuthupi m'malo opanda mpweya. Mfundo yaikulu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito vacuum zinthu kuchepetsa kubalalitsa mamolekyu gasi pa waikamo particles, kulola particles kuyenda molunjika ku gawo lapansi, potero kukwaniritsa ankalamulira filimu kukula.

Zowonongeka Zodziwika Pazitsulo ndi Njira Zopewera